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Research input preserved for source tracing. Assertions in this report are leads to verify, not automatically accepted findings.
Cross-national microdata associate economic insecurity with institutional mistrust. Used as bounded evidence about confidence, not as proof of regime rejection or revolutionary preference.
Claim-level verified dossier separating objective hardship, subjective insecurity, expectations, participation resources, attribution, efficacy, trust, protest, and distinct system-change outcomes.
Material hardship is a mediated context rather than a deterministic political cause. Resources, expectations, attribution, identity, efficacy, organizations, and institutional response can redirect similar material strain toward withdrawal, electoral participation, distrust, protest, or other outcomes.
Ten-country European analysis links subjective financial and work insecurity to populist outlook and voting, while showing variation by insecurity dimension, country, and political direction.
Elite fracture, bureaucracy, courts, police, military organizations, legitimacy, and institutional permeability.
Register evidence finds individual unemployment reduces turnout and, after accounting for dynamic selection, high contextual unemployment reinforces rather than reverses that withdrawal effect.
